Sains Malaysiana 53(12)(2024): 3231-3275

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5312-11

Penggunaan Pasir Silika dan Karbon Teraktif sebagai Medium bagi Merawat Air Bawah Tanah di Hulu Langat, Selangor

(The Use of Silica Sand and Activated Carbon as a Medium for Treating Groundwater in Hulu Langat, Selangor)

NOOR FATINAH MOHAMAD¹, NORSYAFINA ROSLAN^1,*, AZHAR ABDUL HALIM¹ & WAN NEQHAIKAL WAN ABDUL KARIM²

¹Jabatan Sains Bumi & Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
²Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Selangor/Wilayah Persekutuan, Bangunan Darul Ehsan, Aras 6 & 7, No. 3, Jalan Indah, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 16 May 2024/Accepted: 10 September 2024

Abstrak

Masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh pengguna air bawah tanah di Malaysia adalah kandungan mineral oksida besi yang tinggi. Komposisi air bawah tanah adalah dipengaruhi oleh geologi dan hidrogeologi setempat. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji potensi pasir silika dan karbon teraktif sebagai medium yang berkesan bagi merawat air bawah tanah di beberapa lokaliti terpilih di Hulu Langat, Selangor. Kajian dimulakan dengan aktiviti pemetaan geologi di kawasan kajian dan mentafsir data lubang gerudi bagi menghasilkan model konsep geologi kawasan kajian. Data paras air bawah tanah dan data kimia air bagi telaga abstraksi di Hulu Langat dianalisis bagi menghasilkan cirian hidrogeologi kawasan kajian. Sampel air bawah tanah di kawasan kajian dianalisis secara in situ menggunakan YSI Pro 1030 MPS (suhu, pH, kemasinan dan jumlah pepejal terlarut) dan kit ujian (nilai kekerasan dan kandungan besi). Sampel air dirawat menggunakan turus penjerapan dengan pasir silika pelbagai saiz dan karbon teraktif sebagai medium. Parameter fiziko kimia bagi sampel air bawah tanah terawat dianalisis menggunakan YSI Pro 1030 MPS dan Kit Ujian. Litologi utama kawasan kajian adalah granit biotit. Lapisan tanah baki menindih lapisan batuan granit yang teretak membentuk lapisan akuifer terkekang. Air bawah tanah di kawasan kajian adalah dominan dengan unsur Na⁺, K⁺ dan HCO₃^-, hasil interaksi antara air bawah tanah dengan medium akuifer dan aktiviti guna tanah di sekitar telaga abstraksi. Kajian turus penjerapan menggunakan pasir pelbagai saiz dan karbon teraktif sebagai medium didapati lebih berkesan berbanding menggunakan medium pasir sahaja. Sistem rawatan yang dihasilkan ternyata berkesan dalam meneutralkan air bawah tanah yang berasid, mengurangkan kekerasan air dan menyingkirkan kandungan besi.

Kata kunci: Karbon teraktif; pasir silika; penjerapan; rawatan air bawah tanah

Abstract

The main problem faced by groundwater users in Malaysia is the high content of iron oxide minerals. The composition of groundwater is influenced by local geology and hydrogeology.  Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of silica sand and activated carbon as effective media for treating groundwater in selected locations in Hulu Langat, Selangor. The study began with geological mapping activities in the study area and interpreting drilling data to produce a conceptual geological model of study area. Groundwater level data and chemistry data for abstraction wells in Hulu Langat were analyzed to produce hydrogeological characteristics of the study area. Groundwater samples in study area were analyzed in situ using YSI Pro 1030 MPS (for temperature, pH, salinity, and total dissolved solids values) and test kits (for hardness, iron, and chlorine content). Groundwater samples were treated using filtration through various sizes of silica sand and activated carbon as media. The treated groundwater samples were analyzed using YSI Pro 1030 MPS and test kits. The main lithology of the study area is biotite granite. The residual soil layer overlays the fractured granite rock layer, forming a confined aquifer layer. Groundwater in the study area is composed of Na⁺, K⁺, and HCO₃^- ions and was dominated by the interaction between groundwater within the aquifer lithology and land use activities around the abstraction well. Filtration studies using various sizes of sand and activated carbon as media were found to be more effective than using sand alone. The treatment system produced was effective in neutralizing acidic groundwater, reducing water hardness, and removing iron content.

Keywords: Absorbent; activated carbon; groundwater treatment; silica sands

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*Corresponding author; email: finalan@ukm.edu.my